3 SapherCheck records found for Person Kyu kim

Alias HO GYU KIM
HO-KYU KIM
KIM HO GYU
ALEKSEI PARK
HO'-KYU KIM
Profile Type PERSON
Name HO KYU KIM
HO GYU KIM
HO KYU KIM
김호규
HO KYU KIM
KIM, HO KYU
First Name HO KYU
HO KYU
HO KYU
ALEKSEI
HO GYU
HO-KYU
HO'-KYU
Last Name PARK
KIM
KIM
KIM
Country RUSSIA
Nationality NORTH KOREA
Birth Date 1970-09-15
Position VICE-CONSUL AU CONSULAT GéNéRAL DE LA RPDC à NAKHODKA, FéDéRATION DE RUSSIE
REPRéSENTANT DE LA KOREA RYONBONG GENERAL CORPORATION (RYONBONG)
REPRESENTATIVE FOR KOREA RYONBONG GENERAL CORPORATION (RYONBONG) DEPUTY CONSUL AT DPRK CONSULATE GENERAL IN NAKHODKA, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
REPRéSENTANT DE LA KOREA RYONBONG GENERAL CORPORATION (RYONBONG). VICE-CONSUL AU CONSULAT GéNéRAL DE LA RPDC à NAKHODKA, FéDéRATION DE RUSSIE.
KOREA RYONBONG GENERAL CORPORATION OFFICIAL
First Seen 2023-04-20
Last Seen 2024-10-25
Last Change 2024-08-27
Created At 2018-06-29
Gender MALE
Datasets US SAM PROCUREMENT EXCLUSIONS
EU FINANCIAL SANCTIONS FILES (FSF)
US OFAC SPECIALLY DESIGNATED NATIONALS (SDN) LIST
MONACO NATIONAL FUND FREEZING LIST
BELGIAN FINANCIAL SANCTIONS
US TRADE CONSOLIDATED SCREENING LIST (CSL)
FRENCH NATIONAL ASSET FREEZING SYSTEM
EU CONSOLIDATED TRAVEL BANS
Address CONSULAT GéNéRAL DE LA RPDC à NAKHODKA
NAKHODKA, RUS
NAKHODKA
ADRESSE: CONSULAT GéNéRAL DE LA RPDC à NAKHODKA, FéDéRATION DE RUSSIE.
Topics SANCTIONED ENTITY
Notes EN SA QUALITé DE REPRéSENTANT DE LA KOREA RYONBONG GENERAL CORPORATION (RYONBONG), KIM HO KYU PARTICIPE à DES ACTIVITéS POUR UNE ENTITé QUI A éTé DéSIGNéE LE 24 AVRIL 2009 PAR LE COMITé DU CONSEIL DE SéCURITé CRéé PAR LA RéSOLUTION 1718 (2006) COMME PARTICIPANT OU APPORTANT UN APPUI AUX PROGRAMMES DE LA RPDC EN RAPPORT AVEC LES ARMES NUCLéAIRES, LES MISSILES BALISTIQUES OU D’AUTRES ARMES DE DESTRUCTION MASSIVE. À CE TITRE, IL EST DIRECTEMENT IMPLIQUé DANS LA FOURNITURE DE FONDS ET D’UN APPROVISIONNEMENT POUR LES PROGRAMMES DE LA RPDC EN RAPPORT AVEC LES ARMES NUCLéAIRES, LES MISSILES BALISTIQUES OU D’AUTRES ARMES DE DESTRUCTION MASSIVE.
SourceUrl https://gels-avoirs.dgtresor.gouv.fr/Gels/RegistreDetail?idRegistre=5139
https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=23477

7 Sanctions

Sanction Caption PRK
Sanction Datasets Belgian Financial Sanctions
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Federal Public Service Finance

Authority ID: EU.9429.40

Start Date: 2022-12-12
Listing Date: 2022-12-12
Country: Belgium

Entity: NK-RkaepXuNau36F8vuvwnc8N

Program: PRK

Reason: 2022/2429 (OJ L318I)

Source URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.LI.2022.318.01.0013.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AL%3A2022%3A318I%3ATOC

Sanction Caption PRK
Sanction Datasets EU Financial Sanctions Files (FSF)
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-08-08
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Directorate‑General for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union

Authority ID: EU.9429.40

Start Date: 2022-12-12
Listing Date: 2022-12-12
Country: European Union

Entity: NK-RkaepXuNau36F8vuvwnc8N

Program: PRK

Reason: 2022/2429 (OJ L318I)

Source URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.LI.2022.318.01.0013.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AL%3A2022%3A318I%3ATOC

Sanction Caption Sanction
Sanction Datasets EU Consolidated Travel Bans
Sanction First Seen 2024-10-09
Sanction Last Change 2024-10-09
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Council of the European Union

Country: European Union

Entity: NK-RkaepXuNau36F8vuvwnc8N

Reason: Council Decision concerning restrictive measures against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and repealing Decision 2013/183/CFSP

Source URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02016D0849-20240730

Sanction Caption (UE) 2022/2429 du 12/12/2022 (ONU Corée du Nord - RCSNU 1718 (2006) et R (UE) 2017/1509)
Sanction Datasets French National Asset Freezing System
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Direction Générale du Trésor

Country: France

Entity: NK-RkaepXuNau36F8vuvwnc8N

Program: (UE) 2022/2429 du 12/12/2022 (ONU Corée du Nord - RCSNU 1718 (2006) et R (UE) 2017/1509)

Reason: En sa qualité de représentant de la Korea Ryonbong General Corporation (Ryonbong), KIM Ho Kyu participe à des activités pour une entité qui a été désignée le 24 avril 2009 par le Comité du Conseil de sécurité créé par la résolution 1718 (2006) comme participant ou apportant un appui aux programmes de la RPDC en rapport avec les armes nucléaires, les missiles balistiques ou d’autres armes de destruction massive. À ce titre, il est directement impliqué dans la fourniture de fonds et d’un approvisionnement pour les programmes de la RPDC en rapport avec les armes nucléaires, les missiles balistiques ou d’autres armes de destruction massive.

Source URL: https://gels-avoirs.dgtresor.gouv.fr/

Sanction Caption Sanction
Sanction Datasets Monaco National Fund Freezing List
Sanction First Seen 2024-08-14
Sanction Last Change 2024-08-27
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: La Principauté de Monaco

Country: Monaco

Entity: NK-RkaepXuNau36F8vuvwnc8N

Provisions: (UE) 2022/2429 du 12/12/2022

Reason: En sa qualité de représentant de la Korea Ryonbong General Corporation (Ryonbong), KIM Ho Kyu participe à des activités pour une entité qui a été désignée le 24 avril 2009 par le Comité du Conseil de sécurité créé par la résolution 1718 (2006) comme participant ou apportant un appui aux programmes de la RPDC en rapport avec les armes nucléaires, les missiles balistiques ou d’autres armes de destruction massive. À ce titre, il est directement impliqué dans la fourniture de fonds et d’un approvisionnement pour les programmes de la RPDC en rapport avec les armes nucléaires, les missiles balistiques ou d’autres armes de destruction massive.

Source URL: https://geldefonds.gouv.mc/

Sanction Caption SDN List
Sanction Datasets US OFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Office of Foreign Assets Control

Authority ID: 23477

Country: United States

Entity: NK-RkaepXuNau36F8vuvwnc8N

Program: SDN List

Provisions: DPRK2
Block

Reason: Executive Order 13687 (North Korea)

Source URL: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Pages/default.aspx

Summary: Transactions Prohibited For Persons Owned or Controlled By U.S. Financial Institutions: North Korea Sanctions Regulations section 510.214
Secondary sanctions risk: North Korea Sanctions Regulations, sections 510.201 and 510.210

Sanction Caption Reciprocal
Sanction Datasets US SAM Procurement Exclusions
Sanction First Seen 2024-06-14
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-14
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: TREAS-OFAC

Authority ID: S4MR6HN95

Start Date: 2018-01-24
Listing Date: 2018-06-29
Country: United States

Entity: NK-RkaepXuNau36F8vuvwnc8N

Program: Reciprocal

Provisions: Prohibition/Restriction

Source URL: https://sam.gov/data-services/Exclusions/Public%20V2?privacy=Public

Summary: PII data has been masked from view

Profile Type PERSON
Name キム・ギュ
KIM KYU
كيم كيو
KYU KIM
KIM KYU
KIM, KYU
KİM KYU
First Name كيم
KIM
KIM
KYU
Last Name KYU
KIM
KIM KYU
KYU
Country NORTH KOREA
Nationality NORTH KOREA
Birth Date 1968-07-30
Position コリア・マイニング・デベロップメント・トレーディング・コーポレーション(KOMID)の渉外担当者
KOREA MINING DEVELOPMENT TRADING CORPORATION (KOMID) EXTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICER
KOMID EXTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICER
KOREA MINING DEVELOPMENT TRADING CORPORATION (KOMID) EXTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICER.
KOREA MINING DEVELOPMENT TRADING CORPORATION (KOMID) EXTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICER
First Seen 2022-04-27
Last Seen 2024-10-25
Last Change 2024-10-17
Created At 2016-03-02
Modified At 2020-12-31
Datasets UK HMT/OFSI CONSOLIDATED LIST OF TARGETS
JAPAN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND LIST OF ELIGIBLE PEOPLE
UK FCDO SANCTIONS LIST
EU FINANCIAL SANCTIONS FILES (FSF)
QATAR UNIFIED RECORD OF PERSONS AND ENTITIES ON SANCTION LIST
US OFAC SPECIALLY DESIGNATED NATIONALS (SDN) LIST
MONACO NATIONAL FUND FREEZING LIST
SWISS SECO SANCTIONS/EMBARGOES
UN SECURITY COUNCIL CONSOLIDATED SANCTIONS
BELGIAN FINANCIAL SANCTIONS
US TRADE CONSOLIDATED SCREENING LIST (CSL)
TüRKIYE ASSET FREEZING SANCTIONS LIST (MASAK)
UKRAINE SFMS BLACKLIST
MOLDOVAN SANCTIONS FOR TERRORISM AND PROLIFERATION OF WMD
AUSTRALIAN SANCTIONS CONSOLIDATED LIST
FRENCH NATIONAL ASSET FREEZING SYSTEM
SOUTH AFRICA TARGETED FINANCIAL SANCTIONS
EU CONSOLIDATED TRAVEL BANS
Topics COUNTER-SANCTIONED ENTITY
SANCTIONED ENTITY
Notes KOREA MINING DEVELOPMENT TRADING CORPORATION (KOMID) EXTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICER.
SPéCIALISTE DES AFFAIRES éTRANGèRES DE LA KOREA MINING DEVELOPMENT TRADING CORPORATION (KOMID)
SourceUrl https://gels-avoirs.dgtresor.gouv.fr/Gels/RegistreDetail?idRegistre=2514
https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=17624

16 Sanctions

Sanction Caption 1718 (DPRK)
Sanction Datasets Australian Sanctions Consolidated List
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

Start Date: 2016-03-03
Country: Australia

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: 1718 (DPRK)

Source URL: https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/security/sanctions/Pages/sanctions

Summary: Listed on: 2 Mar. 2016

Sanction Caption PRK
Sanction Datasets Belgian Financial Sanctions
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Federal Public Service Finance

Authority ID: EU.4146.51

Start Date: 2017-09-01
Listing Date: 2017-08-31
Country: Belgium

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: PRK

Reason: 2017/1509 (OJ L224)

Source URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1509&from=EN

Sanction Caption Ordinance of 18 May 2016 on measures against North Korea (SR 946.231.127.6), annexes 1 et 6
Sanction Datasets Swiss SECO Sanctions/Embargoes
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-04
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-23
Sanction Properties Authority: State Secretariat for Economic Affairs

Authority ID: 33839

Start Date: 2016-03-04
Listing Date: 2016-03-04
Country: Switzerland

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: Ordinance of 18 May 2016 on measures against North Korea (SR 946.231.127.6), annexes 1 et 6

Source URL: https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home/Aussenwirtschaftspolitik_Wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit/Wirtschaftsbeziehungen/exportkontrollen-und-sanktionen/sanktionen-embargos.html

Sanction Caption PRK
Sanction Datasets EU Financial Sanctions Files (FSF)
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-08-08
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Directorate‑General for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union

Authority ID: EU.4146.51

Start Date: 2017-09-01
Listing Date: 2017-08-31
Country: European Union

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: PRK

Reason: 2017/1509 (OJ L224)

Source URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1509&from=EN

Sanction Caption Sanction
Sanction Datasets EU Consolidated Travel Bans
Sanction First Seen 2024-10-09
Sanction Last Change 2024-10-09
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Council of the European Union

Country: European Union

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Reason: Council Decision concerning restrictive measures against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and repealing Decision 2013/183/CFSP

Source URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02016D0849-20240730

Sanction Caption Décision du comité de sanction des Nations unies du 02/03/2016 (ONU Corée du Nord - RCSNU 1718 (2006) et R (UE) 2017/1509)
Sanction Datasets French National Asset Freezing System
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Direction Générale du Trésor

Country: France

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: Décision du comité de sanction des Nations unies du 02/03/2016 (ONU Corée du Nord - RCSNU 1718 (2006) et R (UE) 2017/1509)
(UE) 2017/1509 du 30/08/2017 (ONU Corée du Nord - RCSNU 1718 (2006) et R (UE) 2017/1509)

Reason: spécialiste des affaires étrangères de la Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID)

Source URL: https://gels-avoirs.dgtresor.gouv.fr/

Sanction Caption The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019
Sanction Datasets UK FCDO Sanctions List
Sanction First Seen 2024-05-09
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
UN

Authority ID: DPR0232

Start Date: 2016-03-02
Modified At: 2021-12-18
Country: United Kingdom

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019

Provisions: Travel Ban
Prevention of business arrangements
Prohibition of port entry
Chartering of Ships
Asset freeze

UNSC Id: KPi.022
Source URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-uk-sanctions-list

Sanction Caption Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Sanction Datasets UK HMT/OFSI Consolidated List of Targets
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-10-14
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation
UN

Authority ID: DPR0232

Start Date: 2016-03-02
Modified At: 2020-12-31
Listing Date: 2016-03-05
Country: United Kingdom

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Provisions: Asset freeze

UNSC Id: KPi.022
Source URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/financial-sanctions-consolidated-list-of-targets

Status: Asset Freeze Targets
Sanction Caption 国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与するために講ずる資産凍結等の措置の対象となる
Sanction Datasets Japan Economic Sanctions and List of Eligible People
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Ministry of Finance

Authority ID: 13(#22)
#22

Start Date: 2016-03-11 2016-02-19
Country: Japan

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: 国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与するために講ずる資産凍結等の措置の対象となる
北朝鮮に関連する国際連合安全保障理事会決議に基づく資産凍結等の措置の対象となる者(個人)

Source URL: https://www.mof.go.jp/policy/international_policy/gaitame_kawase/gaitame/economic_sanctions/gaiyou.html

Sanction Caption Sanction
Sanction Datasets Monaco National Fund Freezing List
Sanction First Seen 2024-08-14
Sanction Last Change 2024-08-27
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: La Principauté de Monaco

Country: Monaco

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Provisions: Décision du comité de sanction des Nations unies du 02/03/2016,; (UE) 2017/1509 du 30/08/2017

Reason: spécialiste des affaires étrangères de la Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID)

Source URL: https://geldefonds.gouv.mc/

Sanction Caption Comitetul Consiliului de Securitate al ONU instituit prin Rezoluția 1718 (2006)
Sanction Datasets Moldovan Sanctions for Terrorism and Proliferation of WMD
Sanction First Seen 2024-10-12
Sanction Last Change 2024-10-12
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Centrul Antiterorist al Serviciului de Informaţii şi Securitate al Republicii Moldova

Country: Moldova

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: Comitetul Consiliului de Securitate al ONU instituit prin Rezoluția 1718 (2006)

Source URL: https://antiteror.sis.md/advanced-page-type/listele-teroriste

Sanction Caption SDN List
Sanction Datasets US OFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Office of Foreign Assets Control

Authority ID: 17624

Country: United States

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: SDN List

Provisions: DPRK2
Block

Reason: Executive Order 13687 (North Korea)

Source URL: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Pages/default.aspx

Summary: Transactions Prohibited For Persons Owned or Controlled By U.S. Financial Institutions: North Korea Sanctions Regulations section 510.214
Secondary sanctions risk: North Korea Sanctions Regulations, sections 510.201 and 510.210

Sanction Caption Asset freezes within the scope of Articles 3.A and 3.B of Law No. 7262, aimed at preventing the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
Sanction Datasets Türkiye Asset Freezing Sanctions List (MASAK)
Sanction First Seen 2024-09-05
Sanction Last Change 2024-09-13
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Treasury and Finance - Financial Crimes Investigation Board

Listing Date: 2021-02-24 2016-03-02
Country: Türkiye

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: Asset freezes within the scope of Articles 3.A and 3.B of Law No. 7262, aimed at preventing the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

Source URL: https://en.hmb.gov.tr/fcib-tf-current-list
https://ms.hmb.gov.tr/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/D-7262-SAYILI-KANUN-3.A-VE-3.B-MADDELERI.xlsx

Sanction Caption Резолюція РБ ООН 1718 (2006)
Sanction Datasets Ukraine SFMS Blacklist
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: State Finance Monitoring Service

Start Date: 2018-03-23
Listing Date: 2018-03-23
Country: Ukraine

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: Резолюція РБ ООН 1718 (2006)

Source URL: https://fiu.gov.ua/en/pages/dijalnist/protidija-terorizmu/perelik-teroristiv

Sanction Caption DPRK
Sanction Datasets UN Security Council Consolidated Sanctions
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-23
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: United Nations Security Council

Start Date: 2016-03-02
Listing Date: 2016-03-02
Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

Program: DPRK

UNSC Id: KPi.022
Source URL: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/information

Sanction Caption Sanction
Sanction Datasets South Africa Targeted Financial Sanctions
Sanction First Seen 2023-04-20
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-24
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: Financial Intelligence Centre

Listing Date: 2016-03-02
Country: South Africa

Entity: NK-asXWzuCkwbpiTgyV3htyMm

UNSC Id: KPi.022
Source URL: https://www.fic.gov.za/International/sanctions/SitePages/Home.aspx

Profile Type PERSON
Name KYU KIM
First Name KYU
Last Name KIM
First Seen 2024-06-14
Last Seen 2024-10-25
Last Change 2024-06-28
Created At 2015-01-28
Datasets US SAM PROCUREMENT EXCLUSIONS
Topics SANCTIONED ENTITY

1 Sanctions

Sanction Caption Reciprocal
Sanction Datasets US SAM Procurement Exclusions
Sanction First Seen 2024-06-14
Sanction Last Change 2024-06-14
Sanction Last Seen 2024-10-25
Sanction Properties Authority: TREAS-OFAC

Authority ID: S4MR4JJMR

Listing Date: 2015-01-28
Country: United States

Entity: usgsa-s4mr4jjmr

Program: Reciprocal

Provisions: Prohibition/Restriction

Source URL: https://sam.gov/data-services/Exclusions/Public%20V2?privacy=Public

Summary: PII data has been masked from view